Fixing Medicare and Health Care

Washington is trying to fix heath care and Medicare. Mark McClellan, a well respected think tank guru, said recently "It's a lot harder to come up with ways to implement reforms than it is to come up with ideas for reform," he said.

McClellan, 45, is an Austin native from a strongly political family. Brother Scott was President George W. Bush's press secretary. Their mother, former Texas Comptroller Carole Keeton Strayhorn, ran for governor in 2006.

Mark McClellan was a major policy figure in health care during the Bush administration. While most of his former colleagues are now in the political wilderness, McClellan is using his post at Washington's Brookings Institution to keep moving in the circle of implementers who want to "bend the curve" of rising health care costs.

Along with several other health care experts, McClellan is trying to persuade President Barack Obama's reform team and Congress to pay hospitals and doctors more if they can show they're improving treatment for Medicare patients while lowering costs.

McClellan argues that sharing savings could keep Medicare viable without bankrupting the federal government. "Right now, we are getting what we pay for – high-volume, high-intensity health care," he said. "Often, there's no support for preventive care."

White House Budget Director Peter Orszag says McClellan's approach is extremely closely aligned with the Obama administration's views on the need to change payment incentives.

"We have the same basic philosophy," Orszag said. "There are huge variations in health care costs across different regions of the country that can't be explained other than because of the intensity of care. ... We need to change the incentives so we get better care, not more care."

Medicare accounts for 20 percent of health care spending, pays providers on a fee-for-service model. Each visit, each test, each procedure a doctor performs pays a certain amount. The system creates an incentive to see lots of patients, lots of times.

For many years, reformers have argued in favor of payment systems based on performance rather than volume. Pay-for-performance advocates argue their approach gets patients the most effective type of care rather than an uncoordinated cascade of diagnostic tests, prescriptions and treatments.

Dr. Elliott Fisher of Dartmouth's Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice developed a pay-for-performance approach called Accountable Care Organizations that McClellan is now backing in Washington.

Fisher came to his model after sifting data that shows Medicare pays twice or even three times as much per patient in different parts of the country. The average enrollee in Medicare in Dallas, for example, consumes $10,103 a year in medical treatments, while Medicare enrollees in Salem, Ore., get by on half as much.

Fisher argues the regional cost disparities can be bent toward lower costs if physicians group together around hospital networks where each Medicare patient's care is coordinated and each treatment is evaluated for quality and effectiveness.

If the network can demonstrate its care regimen reduces average spending by 2 percent or more a year, the doctors and hospital would get bonuses amounting to 80 percent of the savings. If the network fails to meet either its quality or savings targets, its compensation would be penalized. "We need some big changes to address quality and regional disparities," McClellan said.

Len Nichols, a health care economist who worked on the Clinton administration's failed reform effort, said the reform emphasis now was less about ideas like pay-for-performance than ways to implement them. "None of these are new ideas," he said. "What we have is a sense of economic urgency driven both by the fiscal realities of our Medicare program and, obviously, the economic situation we're in right now. "We really shouldn't dither any longer about doing serious reconstructive surgery on our health system...We should start this afternoon. The longer we wait, the greater the costs."

This need to implement change is where Nichols and others see McClellan playing a role in the current debate. John Goodman, president of the Dallas-based, conservative National Center for Policy Analysis, said McClellan is "the single-most respected person in health care policy. He's both a medical doctor [Harvard Medical School] and a Ph.D. in economics [Massachusetts Institute of Technology]," Goodman said. "Most people in this debate are neither."

The health care debate is just getting started, and how much success McClellan will have is uncertain. For now, though, he's a busy man, shuttling between the White House, Congress and federal health care agencies. His phone directory includes the heads of major health centers across the nation, including Parkland and Baylor.

"We're gathering momentum," McClellan said. "I'm optimistic."

Some material reprinted from the Dallas Tribune

Filed under: General-Medicare

Tags: Fixing Medicare, General-Medicare, healthcare, heathcare reform, medicare reform